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Tarnopol Voivodeship ((ポーランド語:Województwo tarnopolskie)) was an administrative region of interwar Poland (1918–1939) with an area of 16,500 km² and provincial capital in Tarnopol. The voivodeship was divided into 17 districts (powiaty). At the end of World War II, at the insistence of Joseph Stalin during the Tehran Conference of 1943 without official Polish representation whatsoever, the borders of Poland were redrawn by the Allies. The Polish population was forcibly resettled after the defeat of Nazi Germany and the Tarnopol Voivodeship was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union. Since 1991, most of the region is located in the Ternopil Oblast in sovereign Ukraine. ==September 1939 and its aftermath== During the German-Soviet invasion of Poland in accordance with the secret protocol of Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviet forces allied with Nazi Germany invaded eastern Poland on September 17, 1939. As the bulk of the Polish Army was concentrated in the west fighting the Germans ''(see also: Polish September Campaign)'', the Red Army met with limited resistance and their troops quickly moved westward. Tarnopol was occupied as early as September 18, 1939 without substantial opposition from the Poles, and remained in Soviet hands till Operation Barbarossa.〔(Kresy.co.uk - History of Podolia and Tarnopol. )〕 Monuments were destroyed, street names changed, bookshops closed, library collections stolen and transported in lorries to the Russian archives. The province was Sovietized in the atmosphere of terror.〔Bernd Wegner (1997). ''(From peace to war: Germany, Soviet Russia, and the world, 1939–1941. )'' Berghahn Books, p. 74. ISBN 1-57181-882-0.〕 Families were deported to Siberia in cattle trains, mainly Polish Christians.〔Tadeusz Piotrowski (1998), ''( Poland's Holocaust )'' (Google Books). Jefferson: McFarland, pp. 17-18, 420. ISBN 0-7864-0371-3.〕 During the German attack on the Soviet positions in eastern Poland, Tarnopol was overrun by the Wehrmacht on . A Jewish pogrom lasted from until , with homes destroyed, synagogue burned and Polish Jews killed indiscriminately at various locations, estimated between 1,600 (Yad Vashem)〔 and 2,000 (Virtual Shtetl).〔 The killings were perpetrated by the ''SS-Sonderkommando'' 4b attached to ''Einsatzgruppe'' C,〔(IDs of SS-Men. The SS & Polizei section. ) Axis History Forum. Retrieved July 31, 2015.〕 and by the Ukrainian People's Militia,〔 formed by Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists – renamed the following month as the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police. In September 1941, the German occupation authorities established Jewish ghettos in a number of towns including the Tarnopol Ghetto with 12,000–13,000 prisoners. Death penalty was introduced, and food severely rationed.〔 Forced labour camps for Jewish slave workers were established by the Germans in the settlements of Kamionka, Podwołoczyska, Hluboczka, and in Zagroble. The ghetto in the capital was liquidated between August 1942 and June 1943. The victims were sent in Holocaust trains to Bełżec extermination camp.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/stories/historical_background/tarnopol.asp )〕 Many Jews were denounced by Ukrainian nationalists including shortly before the Soviets took over the area in 1944. Those who survived World War II were rescued by the Poles.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/stories/historical_background/tarnopol.asp )〕 In the years 1942–44 Tarnopol Voivodeship was one of the target areas of the ethnically motivated genocide of Poles by Ukrainian nationalists extending south from the neighboring Wołyń province, with indiscriminate killings in hundreds of Tarnopol villages, such as Berezowica Mała (130), Łozowa (120), Ihrowica (90), Płotycza (43), etc. The slaughter of civilians, women and children alike lasted well into 1945 beyond the Soviet front, conducted by OUN-UPA death squads, while crossing the new borders imposed at Yalta by the Allies.〔Adam Kruczek, ( Ukraińcy chcą stawiać memoriały ku chwale UPA, Nasz Dziennik ) February 5, 2009, Nr 30 (3351). 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tarnopol Voivodeship」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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